Journalists watch a screen displaying the field of science of the award winners during a press conference to announce the winners of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, on October 6, 2025. Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell of the United States and Japan's Shimon Sakaguchi won the Nobel Prize in Medicine on Monday for research into how the immune system is kept in check, the Nobel jury said. (Photo by Jonathan Nackstrand / AFP) (Photo by JONATHAN NACKSTRAND/AFP via Getty Images)

Marie Wahren-Herlenius (R), Professor of Rheumatology at the Karolinska Institutet, stands next to a screen displaying the field of science of the award winners as she addresses journalists during a press conference to announce the winners of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, on October 6, 2025. Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell of the United States and Japan's Shimon Sakaguchi won the Nobel Prize in Medicine on Monday for research into how the immune system is kept in check, the Nobel jury said. (Photo by Jonathan Nackstrand / AFP) (Photo by JONATHAN NACKSTRAND/AFP via Getty Images)

(FILES) French newly-elected Member of Parliament (MP) for France's ruling party Rennaissance Naïma Moutchou arrives for a welcoming day at the National Assembly in Paris on July 8, 2024, a day after the second round of France's legislative election. Moutchou is nominated as Minister of Transformation and Public Service, Artificial Intelligence and Digital Technology announced the Secretary General to the French Presidency on October 5, 2025. (Photo by Bertrand GUAY / AFP) (Photo by BERTRAND GUAY/AFP via Getty Images)

(FILES) French newly elected Member of Parliament Naima Moutchou arrives to attend a meeting of French centre-right party Horizons to appoint a parliamentary group president in Paris on June 21, 2022, two days after France's parliamentary elections. Moutchou is nominated as Minister of Transformation and Public Service, Artificial Intelligence and Digital Technology announced the Secretary General to the French Presidency on October 5, 2025. (Photo by Bertrand GUAY / AFP) (Photo by BERTRAND GUAY/AFP via Getty Images)

(FILES) French newly-elected Member of Parliament (MP) for France's ruling party Rennaissance Naïma Moutchou arrives for a welcoming day at the National Assembly in Paris on July 8, 2024, a day after the second round of France's legislative election. Moutchou is nominated as Minister of Transformation and Public Service, Artificial Intelligence and Digital Technology announced the Secretary General to the French Presidency on October 5, 2025. (Photo by Bertrand GUAY / AFP) (Photo by BERTRAND GUAY/AFP via Getty Images)

(FILES) This photo taken on April 29, 2024 shows an employee working at a semiconductor chips factory in Huai'an, in eastern China's Jiangsu province. China's push to develop top-end artificial intelligence microchips is gaining momentum, but analysts say it will struggle to match the technical might of US powerhouse Nvidia within the current decade. (Photo by AFP) / China OUT / To go with AFP story China-US-technology-semiconductors-AI, FOCUS by Luna Lin and Rebecca Bailey with Katie Foster in Tokyo (Photo by STR/AFP via Getty Images)

(FILES) Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang delivers a keynote address at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas, Nevada on January 6, 2025. China's push to develop top-end artificial intelligence microchips is gaining momentum, but analysts say it will struggle to match the technical might of US powerhouse Nvidia within the current decade. (Photo by Patrick T. Fallon / AFP) / To go with AFP story China-US-technology-semiconductors-AI, FOCUS by Luna Lin and Rebecca Bailey with Katie Foster in Tokyo (Photo by PATRICK T. FALLON/AFP via Getty Images)

(FILES) This photo taken on December 25, 2024 shows semiconductor chips under process at a factory in Binzhou, in eastern China's Shandong province. China's push to develop top-end artificial intelligence microchips is gaining momentum, but analysts say it will struggle to match the technical might of US powerhouse Nvidia within the current decade. (Photo by AFP) / China OUT / To go with AFP story China-US-technology-semiconductors-AI, FOCUS by Luna Lin and Rebecca Bailey with Katie Foster in Tokyo (Photo by STR/AFP via Getty Images)