Mary Catherine Birgeneau celebrates with John Clarke (R), an emeritus professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, on Tuesday, October 7, 2025, after he was announced a winner of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics. Briton John Clarke, Frenchman Michel Devoret and American John Martinis won the Nobel Prize in Physics on October 7, 2025 for putting quantum mechanics into action and enabling the development of all kinds of digital technology from cellphones to a new generation. (Photo by Karl Mondon / AFP) (Photo by KARL MONDON/AFP via Getty Images)